Cadmium And Sewage Sludge :: essays research papers

Cadmium and sewage sludge This essay concentrates on the heavy metal cadmium, and its occurrence in the environment, its pathways into and out of the human body and its movement into and out of Sewage sludge. Firstly, I will provide a clear definition of the Heavy Metal Cadmium. What is Cadmium? Cadmium is a naturally occurring element in the earth’s crust. Pure cadmium is a soft silver-white metal, but this form is not common in the environment. Rather, cadmium is most often encountered in combination with other elements such as oxygen (cadmium oxide), chlorine (cadmium chloride), or sulphur (cadmium sulphide). These compounds are all stable solids that do not evaporate, although cadmium oxide is often found as part of small particles present in air.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Most cadmium is obtained as a by-product from the smelting of zinc, lead or copper ores. Cadmium has a number of industrial applications, but it is used mostly in metal plating, pigments, batteries, and plastics. Cadmium in the Environment Small quantities of cadmium occur naturally in air, water, soil and food. For most people, food is the primary source of cadmium exposure, since food materials tend to take up and retain cadmium. For example, plants take up cadmium from soil; fish take up cadmium from water, and so on. It is introduced into the environment from mining and smelting operations. Other cadmium emissions are from fossil fuel use, fertilizer application, sewage sludge disposal or galvanized pie corrosion. The largest source of these cadmium releases into the general environment is the burning of fossil fuels (such as coal or oil) or the incineration of waste materials. Cadmium may also escape into the air from zinc, lead or copper smelters. Working in or living close to a major source of airborne emissions such as these may result in higher than average exposure. Pathways into the human body Food and Drink   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cadmium can enter the blood by absorption from the stomach or intestines after ingestion of food or water. The amount of Cadmium ingested by an individual within a population can differ greatly due to dietary habits. For example, an individual who consumes a large amount of brown crabmeat or vegetables grown on land which is fertilised with sewage sludge are likely to have intakes of cadmium significantly above the average population level.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Only a small percentage of cadmium ingested with the food intake is absorbed, approximately 6%. However there are many factors, which can affect this figure, namely, physiological, such as age and the content of the diet.

Book pseudo-philosophical

The book of job is indeed a difficult book (particularly because it is structured like a poem, which i think made it all the more boring. ) But going beyond that, it has some interesting pseudo-philosophical discussions going on. Job is a brave man, given the circumstances and the general assumptions about the nature of the universe at the time (a universe where god occasionally makes his presence known through a whirlwind or some such device).Job is good and brave, but I think there is an inherent assumptions in his arguments that make them fail (in my book): the assumption of the validity of the rationale behind the rules under which God seems to operate. Since Sin is also, ultimately, God's invention, I think an appropriate response to such a condition as Job's would have been â€Å"Why are You playing around with us? † When Job finally acknowledges God's justice, Job gets his good life back! (Someone was just being childish and just wanted some appreciation, after all. )I don't believe that there is a direct correlation between good actions and†¦ divinely bestowed awards. A bit of work and a bit of luck are what it takes to get a good life. As for Genesis chapters 1-11, I cannot take these as an authentic record of historical events. While reading, I kept getting a feeling, in the back of my mind, that there is something inherently wrong in the rationale and explanations of the behaviors of the characters (God included). The story presented in Genesis has the makings of a myth, and is in the same level as that of other creationist stories of other beliefs.As Darwin says, the concept of God is quite beyond the scope of my abilities. Genesis 1-11 is an â€Å"explanation† of the origins of the world, which I believe must be a lot more complex than the chapters relate (at least on the surface). It also â€Å"explains† the origins good and evil in modern mankind. Boring also. Primarily because the story has been recounted countless time s, and, understandably, the sentences are structured as dissimilarly as possible from everyday speech, while still retaining grammatical correctness. But it is still nice to understand ancient (and modern) cultural and religious mentality.

Competitive Improv Theater Games for Improv Actors

Competitive Improv Theater Games for Improv Actors Most improvisational activities are guided by a very loose format. Actors might be given a location or a situation in which to create a scene. For the  most part, they have the freedom to make up their own characters, dialogue, and actions. Improv comedy groups play each scene in hopes of generating laughter. More serious acting troupes create realistic improvisational scenes. There are, however, many challenging improv games that are competitive in nature. They are judged usually by a moderator, host, or even the audience. These types of games generally put a lot of restrictions on the performers, resulting in a great deal of fun for the viewers. Some of the most entertaining competitive improvisation games are: The Question GameAlphabetWorld’s Worst Remember: Although these games are competitive by design, they are meant to be performed in the spirit of comedy and camaraderie. The Question Game In Tom Stoppard’s Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead, the two bumbling protagonists wander through Hamlet’s rotten Denmark, amusing themselves with a combative â€Å"question game.† It’s a sort of verbal tennis match. Stoppard’s clever play demonstrates the basic idea of the Question Game: create a scene in which two characters speak only in questions. How to Play:  Ask the audience for a location. Once the setting is established, the two actors begin the scene. They must speak only in questions. (Normally one question at a time.) No sentences ending with a period – no fragments – just questions. Example: LOCATION: A popular theme park.Tourist: How do I get to the water ride?Ride Operator: First time at Disneyland?Tourist: How can you tell?Ride Operator: Which ride did you want?Tourist: Which one makes the biggest splash?Ride Operator: Are you ready to get soaking wet?Tourist: Why else would I be wearing this raincoat?Ride Operator: Do you see that big ugly mountain down yonder?Tourist: Which one? And so it continues. It might sound easy, but continually coming up with questions that progress the scene is quite challenging for most performers. If the actor says something that is not a question, or if they continually repeat questions (â€Å"What did you say?† â€Å"What did you say again?†), then the audience is encouraged to make a â€Å"buzzer† sound effect. The â€Å"loser† who failed to properly respond sits down. A new actor joins the competition. They can continue using the same location/situation or a new setting can be established. Alphabet This game is ideal for performers with a knack for alphabetization. The actors create a scene in which each line of dialogue begins with a certain letter of the alphabet. Traditionally, the game starts off with an â€Å"A† line. Example: Actor #1: All right, our first annual comic book club meeting is called to order.Actor #2: But I’m the only one wearing a costume.Actor #1: Cool.Actor #2: Does it make me look fat?Actor #1: Excuse me, but what’s the name of your character?Actor #2: Fat man.Actor #1: Good, then it suits you. And it continues all the way through the alphabet. If both actors make it to the end, then it’s usually considered a tie. However, if one of the actors flubs up, the audience members make their judgmental â€Å"buzzer† sound, and the actor at fault leaves the stage to be replaced by a new challenger. Normally, the audience supplies the location or the relationship of the characters. If you tire of always beginning with the letter â€Å"A† the audience can randomly select a letter for the performers to begin with. So, if they receive the letter â€Å"R† they would work their way through â€Å"Z,† go to â€Å"A† and end with â€Å"Q.† Ugh, it’s starting to sound like algebra! World’s Worst This is less an improv exercise and more of an â€Å"instant punch-line† game. Although it’s been around a long time, â€Å"World’s Worst† was made popular by the hit show, Whose Line Is It Anyway? In this version, 4 to 8 actors stand in a line facing the audience. A moderator gives random locations or situations. The performers come up with the world’s most inappropriate (and incredibly humorous) thing to say. Here are some examples from Whose Line Is It Anyway: World’s Worst thing to say on your first day in prison: Who here loves to crochet?World’s Worst thing to say on a romantic date: Let’s see. You had the Big Mac. That’s two dollars you owe me.World’s Worst thing to say at a Major Award Ceremony: Thank you. As I accept this major award, I’d like to thank everyone I’ve ever met. Jim. Sarah. Bob. Shirley. Tom, etc. If the audience responds positively, then the moderator can give the performer a point. If the joke generates boos or groans, then the moderator may want to good-naturedly take points away. Note: Veteran improv performers know that these activities are meant to entertain. There aren’t really winners or losers. The whole purpose is to have fun, make the audience laugh, and sharpen your improve skills. However, young performers might not understand this. If you are a drama teacher or a youth theater director, consider the maturity level of your actors before trying these activities.

Personal Financial Planning essayEssay Writing Service

Personal Financial Planning essayEssay Writing Service Personal Financial Planning essay Personal Financial Planning essayQ1. How are you saving for retirement?   If you are currently not saving for retirement, design a plan for your retirement savings.   Explain in 1 concise paragraph.Retirement planning will strongly depend on the type of income that will be available in the future and the options offered by the employer. One possible way of planning for retirement is the following: investing about 4% of gross salary into an annuity which will yield the basic income and investing 3% of gross salary into an Individual Retirement Account with reasonable mutual fund investments and solid previous history. Such diversification allowsQ2. Would you favor reforming Social Security to eliminate inequalities in the distribution of spouse benefits? If so, what kind of changes would you propose?Spouse benefits in Social Security often result in discrimination against low-earning workers in a couple, since they will receive the same benefits as the persons who have never worke d and therefore never invested into Social Security. Since in most cases the lower-earning person in the household is wife, in the couples where men earn equally those women who never worked are eligible for similar retirement benefits as those who did work but received lower wages (Gitman ¸ Joehnk Billingsley, 2010). On one hand, those women who invested their time in child-rearing and looking after older relatives deserve these payments, but such inequality also rewards those who withdraw from work. It would be useful to introduce a cumulative index for individuals taking into account their work contributions and family contributions. The value of benefits determined using such an index would help to reduce or even eliminate inequality.Q3. What do you think is the single most pressing political issue for older Americans? Explain your answer.For older Americans, key political issues are related to financing their retirement and accessing medical services. Currently the most pres sing issue is the existence of Social Security fund and its accessibility in the future. There might be different pressures depending on the generation; for example, when the Millennials approach retirement, they might face a depletion of Social Security resources accompanied by additional measures limiting their eligibility (such as increased retirement age) (Gitman ¸ Joehnk Billingsley, 2010). This issue has a direct impact on the lives of older Americans and therefore is the most pressing for them.

The top 4 emerging trends that will shape recruiting in 2018

The top 4 emerging trends that will shape recruiting in 2018 Any recruiter worth their business card knows that their success depends on staying on top of industry developments and trends. Aside from having a robust network of contacts to leverage, this may be the single most important rule of thumb to follow for recruitment professionals.Recruiters know that their business is one characterized by intense competition and constant hustling in order to stay relevant and effective at their jobs. If they fail to stay on top of things that are happening in their field, they risk being viewed as out of date and irrelevant- and once your reputation as a recruiter gets tarnished it’s a tough trick to regain that luster.The best recruiters approach the beginning of each new year as an opportunity to take stock, retool, and refocus their recruiting efforts, in order to align themselves with the latest and greatest trends shaping their industry.LinkedIn’s Talent Blog recently published an article on the 4 major trends that are shaping how r ecruiters will hire in 2018 and beyond. Their findings are based on results obtained in the â€Å"2018 Global Recruiting Trends† report, which reveals four key hiring trends that are â€Å"killing the transaction, making hiring more strategic, and letting recruiters and hiring managers focus on discovering high-potential talent.† Let’s take a closer look at each of these potential recruitment game changers.Diversity- the new global mindsetThis is arguably the top trend in professional recruiting, and it’s significantly impacting how companies are staffing their teams. According to LinkedIn, â€Å"Diversity used to be a box that companies checked. But today, diversity is directly tied to company culture and financial performance. Our data shows that 78% of companies prioritize diversity to improve culture and 62% do so to boost financial performance.hbspt.cta.load(2785852, '9e52c197-5b5b-45e6-af34-d56403f973c5', {});Key forces are at play here: changing d emographics are diversifying our communities, shrinking talent pools for companies that don’t adapt. Growing evidence that diverse teams are more productive, more innovative, and more engaged also makes it hard to ignore.†Despite the importance of diversity in today’s world of recruiting, it seems as if some companies and recruiters are finding it difficult to attract and retain candidates from a diverse array of backgrounds. According to LinkedIn, â€Å"†¦when it comes to fostering diversity, very few organizations have cracked the code. Despite all of the buzz, most companies still fall short of their goals and the public’s expectations. Our data shows that the main reason why is that recruiters and hiring managers can’t find enough diverse candidates. But this may be a problem of perception- many female engineers and black product managers exist, for example, but companies may not be looking in the right places.†Despite the potential challenges of building a diverse workforce, if you’re a recruiter you should certainly consider making this a priority in 2018.The interview- reinventedAll recruiters are familiar with the traditional interview- and the good news is that it’s not disappearing any time soon. However, its days as the primary or sole predictive tool regarding the potential success or value of a candidate may be numbered as new assessment techniques get adopted into the recruitment process.According to LinkedIn, the following five techniques are being used- often alongside traditional interviews but at times instead of them- in an effort to gauge potential new hires as accurately as possible:  Online soft skills assessments that  measure traits like teamwork and curiosity to give a sense of candidates earlier in the processJob auditions, where companies pay candidates to work as normal employees do so that they can observe skills in actionCasual interviews that show  candidateâ€℠¢s character, such as a meal at a restaurant where one must deal with servers and the outside worldVirtual reality situations, where companies put candidates in simulated work environments to view how they handle actual work situations in a more realistic wayVideo interviews, which  can be recorded and saved so more people can be interviewed and assessed at onceBottom line: if you’re in a position to vet and assess new candidates for various positions, consider using these techniques for assessing potential hires if you’re not already doing so.Data- the new corporate superpowerGone- or at least rapidly disappearing- are the days when recruiters would trust their instincts or hunches when deciding on potential candidates for positions. Today, measurable and quantifiable data is the new hunch.According to LinkedIn, talent acquisition has usually emphasized people and personalities in the past, but now is just as much a numbers profession: â€Å"Our research shows that most recruiters and hiring managers use data in their work now and even more are likely to use it in the next two years. Now, it’s true- data informing talent decisions isn’t a new concept. But what is new is the volume of data available and the speed with which it can be analyzed. What’s new is that data can be used to predict hiring outcomes, not just track them. What’s new is that data can power machines to make smarter recruiting decisions for you.†If you’re a recruiter whose still relying on instinct alone, it’s time to make a change in 2018. Make sure you’re embracing big data to help you make key hiring decisions.Artificial intelligence- your secret workhorseThe notion that artificial intelligence (AI) is going to sweep in and completely revolutionize how we handle every aspect of life- personally, professionally, and everything in between- has been a buzzing topic of discussion for years, and often feels exaggerated and overblown. But according to LinkedIn, 35% of talent professionals and hiring managers say that AI is the top trend impacting how they hire. This may be the year that AI makes certain annoying aspects of recruiting a little less tedious- and who doesn’t want something that saves time? Sourcing, screening, and scheduling are only a few candidate interactions where AI can become a vital took in your day-to-day.There you have it- some of the big potential trends in recruitment in 2018. If you’re a recruiter, make sure to keep these on your radar so you don’t get left behind. Good luck!

Do Managers Need to Develop Concrete Skills in the Political Analysis Essay

Do Managers Need to Develop Concrete Skills in the Political Analysis of Organizations - Essay Example As the discussion outlines the political analysis of the organization literally dissects the different mechanisms through which it takes care of the deliverables that essentially emanate from the organizational stronghold, and for the sake of the common men and women on the street. The managers need to find the best possible ways through which they can present the alleviated stance of the organization. This is done so that the organization understands the needs and requirements of the public, for which it exists in essence. The managers act as the representatives of the organization and hence the face of its varied business entities. Whatever these managers do in the long run signifies the very basis of growth and development, for the sake of the organization. The company’s political position is thus dependent on the way these managers present the real picture as well as give a charter for the things to shape up in the future. This paper discusses the implications of the manag ers as they develop the required skills within the political analyses of the organizational values and principles. From this paper, it is clear that first it is found out as to why the political analysis of the organization is deemed as significant in the time and age of today. The reason for this is that the political analysis gives a good measure of the strengths that exist within the organization and the opportunities that it could touch upon in the future. It can also establish its very basis within the industrial domains and tell the relevant players in the industry that this organization means business just like them. It can easily outline the areas where the organization wishes to emphasize these strengths and create the much-needed difference. So basically what this political analysis does is to create a clear-cut basis for the organization, both from a short-term perspective as well as in the long run scheme of things.

In-depth comparative analysis research paper between two different Essay

In-depth comparative analysis research paper between two different firms operating in two different countries but which have sim - Essay Example Proctar & Gamble, a company founded in United States by two British men around 150 years ago, aims to provide products and services of superior quality and value. What began as a family oriented business then became a multi-national in no time. It is today one of the leading firms worldwide which caters to providing consumer goods. Unilever, founded in 1890, started off by making a soap that helped popularize cleanliness and hygiene. Today, it has grown in the same way as P & G and has similar goals and likewise, faces similar problems. As the firms are now multi-nationals and have large operating units in different parts of the world, different cultures gives them different challenges which should be met tactfully so as to avoid controversies. Procter & Gamble, India, has a diverse range of popular products, for example Pantene shampoo, Ariel washing detergent, Pampers baby diapers etc. P & G has now settled in to the country but faced several problems in the beginning. One example is that of promoting Pampers. Indian Women preferred cloth nappies than diapers and the women who did shift to Pampers were often referred to as lazy or that they did not give their babies enough attention. With such cultural walls, Pampers found it difficult to break in to the industry, its strongest competitor being the common nappies.